Converting text from source language to target language while ensuring fidelity to the meaning, tone, and intended impact of the source text. Often involves adaptation and researching the terms and expressions used in certain fields and finding their equivalents in the other language (terminology work).
Adaptation
Modifying texts to ensure the intended impact is achieved. Used when translating or editing texts. Used to communicate the intended impact of the source text by using the target audience’s cultural and linguistics expectations (tone, style, fluency, connotations, expressions, humour, style, and readability). Includes marketingadaptations, adaptations to everyday English, and localization.
Proofing
Reviewing a text for grammar, syntax, and spelling errors (fatal errors), clarity and readability (polishing), and style consistency (formatting/styling), or reviewing a translation for its fidelity and/or terminological consistency (quality control).
Editing
Reviewing a text to 1) meet requirements —such as correct terminology (lexical review, research, and recommendations), stylistic requirements (style recommendations), or length (word count, char length, page count, headlines) and/or to 2) optimize texts for readability, credibility, succinctness, or level of persuasion by reviewing transitions and flow of ideas (framing), to add or modify styling (oomph), or to modify the messaging (reorientation).
Copywriting
Drafting, modifying, rewriting, or condensing original texts using background materials, discussion notes, drafts, and other sources.
